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An Original Atomic Model

Energy

Doppler Effect

FermiLab Tevatron is a 1 TeV collliding accelerator (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, USA). It accelerates protons and antiprotons to slightly less than 1 TeV of kinetic energy and collindes them together.

New Doppler Effect

An Original Atomic Model

Ozone and the Man's Lightning

2009-03-25T09:39:22Z

Man's Lightning

Don't worry, be happy!

Ozone or trioxygen (O₃) is a triatomic molecule, consisting of three oxygen atoms. It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic O₂. Ground-level ozone is an air pollutant with harmful effects on the respiratory systems of animals. The ozone layer in the upper atmosphere filters potentially damaging ultraviolet light from reaching the Earth's surface. It is present in low concentrations throughout the Earth's atmosphere. It has many industrial and consumer applications.

Ozone, the first allotrope of a chemical element to be recognized by science, was proposed as a distinct chemical compound by Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1840, who named it after the Greek lightning storms. The formula for ozone, O₃, was not determined until 1865 by Jacques-Louis Soret and confirmed by Schönbein in 1867.

Most people can detect about 0.01 ppm in air. Exposure of 0.1 to 1 ppm produces headaches, burning eyes, and irritation to the respiratory passages. At -112 °C, it forms a dark blue liquid. At temperatures below -193 °C, it forms a violet-black solid.

Ozone is diamagnetic, meaning that it will resist formation of a magnetic field and will decrease the energy stored in the field once the field is established.
The structure of ozone, according to experimental evidence from microwave spectroscopy, is bent, with C_2v symmetry (similar to the water molecule), O – O distance of 127.2 pm and O – O – O angle of 116.78°. The central atom forms an sp² hybridization with one lone pair. Ozone is a polar molecule with a dipole moment of 0.5337 D. The bonding can be expressed as a resonance hybrid with a single bond double bond on the other producing an overall bond order of 1.5 for each side.

Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent, far better than dioxygen. It is also unstable at high concentrations, decaying to ordinary diatomic oxygen (in about half an hour in atmospheric conditions):

2 O₃ → 3 O₂

This reaction proceeds more rapidly with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure.

Ozone will oxidize metals (except gold, platinum, and iridium) to oxides of the metals in their highest oxidation state:

2 Cu¹⁺_(aq) + 2 H₃O⁺_(aq) + O₃_(g) → 2 Cu²⁺_(aq) + 3 H₂O_(l) + O₂_(g)

Ozone also increases the oxidation number of oxides:

NO + O₃ → NO₂

+ O₂

The above reaction is accompanied by chemiluminescence. The NO₂ can be further oxidized:

NO₂ + O₃ → NO₃ + O₂

Combustion

Ozone can be used for combustion reactions and combusting gases; ozone provides higher temperatures than combusting in dioxygen (O₂). The following is a reaction for the combustion of carbon subnitride which can also cause lower temperatures:

3 C₄N₂ + 4 O₃ → 12 CO + 3 N₂

Ozone can react at cryogenic temperatures. At 77 K (-196 °C), atomic hydrogen reacts with liquid ozone to form a hydrogen superoxide radical, which dimerizes:

H + O₃ → HO₂ + O

2 HO₂ → H₂O₄

Applications

Ozone can be used to remove manganese from water, forming a precipitate which can be filtered:

2 Mn²⁺ + 2 O₃ + 4 H₂O → 2 MnO(OH)_{2 (s)} + 2 O₂ + 4 H⁺

Ozone will also turn cyanides to the one thousand times less toxic cyanates:

CN^- + O₃ → CNO^- + O₂

Finally, ozone will also completely decompose urea:

(NH₂)₂CO + O₃ → N₂ + CO₂ + 2 H₂O

The standard way to express total ozone levels (the amount of ozone in a vertical column) in the atmosphere is by using Dobson units. Concentrations at a point are measured in parts per billion (ppb) or in μg/m³.

Ozone layer

The highest levels of ozone in the atmosphere are in the stratosphere, in a region also known as the ozone layer between about 10 km and 50 km above the surface (or between about 6 and 31 miles). Here it filters out photons with shorter wavelengths (less than 320 nm) of ultraviolet light, also called UV rays, (270 to 400 nm) from the Sun that would be harmful to most forms of life in large doses. These same wavelengths are also among those responsible for the production of vitamin D, a vitamin also produced by the human body. Ozone in the stratosphere is mostly produced from ultraviolet rays reacting with oxygen:

O₂ + photon(radiation< 240 nm) → 2 O

O + O₂ → O₃

It is destroyed by the reaction with atomic oxygen:

O₃ + O → 2 O₂

The latter reaction is catalysed by the presence of certain free radicals, of which the most important are hydroxyl (OH), nitric oxide (NO) and atomic chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br). In recent decades the amount of ozone in the stratosphere has been declining mostly because of emissions of CFCs and similar chlorinated and brominated organic molecules, which have increased the concentration of ozone-depleting catalysts above the natural background. Ozone only makes up 0.00006% of the atmosphere.

Low level ozone

Low level ozone (or tropospheric ozone) is regarded as a pollutant by the World Health Organization United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It is not emitted directly by car engines or by industrial operations. It is formed by the reaction of sunlight on air containing hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides that react to form ozone directly at the source of the pollution or many kilometers down wind.

Ozone reacts directly with some hydrocarbons such as aldehydes and thus begins their removal from the air, but the products are themselves key components of smog. Ozone photolysis by UV light leads to production of the hydroxyl radical OH and this plays a part in the removal of hydrocarbons from the air, but is also the first step in the creation of components of smog such as peroxyacyl nitrates which can be powerful eye irritants. The atmospheric lifetime of tropospheric ozone is about 22 days; its main removal mechanisms are being deposited to the ground, the above mentioned reaction giving OH, and by reactions with OH and the peroxy radical HO₂· (Stevenson et al., 2006).

There is evidence of significant reduction in agricultural yields because of increased ground-level ozone and pollution which interferes with photosynthesis and stunts overall growth of some plant species.

Certain examples of cities with elevated ozone readings are Houston, Texas, and Mexico City, Mexico. Houston has a reading of around 41 ppb, while Mexico City is far more hazardous, with a reading of about 125 ppb.

Although ozone was present at ground level before the Industrial Revolution, peak concentrations are now far higher than the pre-industrial levels, and even background concentrations well away from sources of pollution are substantially higher. This increase in ozone is of further concern because ozone present in the upper troposphere acts as a greenhouse gas, absorbing some of the infrared climate change (the IPCC Third Assessment Report) suggests that the radiative forcing of tropospheric ozone is about 25% that of carbon dioxide.

1. First - Ozone produced by plants and trees has small chances to survive in the crossing and the lifting of the atmosphere to shield the Earth's ozone. Afforestation should be increased, but this process is long and insufficient.
2. Second - Ozone produced from ultraviolet rays is not sufficient.
3. Third - A large quantity of ozone is produced by lightnings during storms. Since we have a large deficit of high ozone (where it is absolutely necessary) should produce ozone industrial (in large quantities) to great heights by artificial lightning, man-made. One has to hurry this process, especially now when because the nuclear experiments we have a large deficit of ozone at high heights (and even a hole in the "Ozone Shield", which must be disposed of emergency). The first artificial lightning which already can one uses, is the cold plasma.

About the Cold Plasma

In the cold plasma method, pure oxygen gas is exposed to a plasma created by dielectric barrier discharge. The diatomic oxygen is split into single atoms, which then recombine in triplets to form ozone.

Cold plasma machine utilizes pure oxygen as the input source and produce a maximum concentration of about 5% ozone. It produce far greater quantities of ozone in a given space of time compared to ultraviolet production. It has the aspect of a Lightning.

These machines will be located at high altitudes, the high peak mountains.

At an average number of about 300 per second that lightning hit the earth's atmosphere, with a hole of about 10% of world land area, we needed about 30 lightning machines only this machines have a ritm of one lightning per second. If this rate can not be sustained or the power and flow will be lower than those of an average lightning known, then will put more machines accordingly.

Lightning is an example of plasma present at Earth's surface. Typically, lightning discharges 30,000 amperes, at up to 100 million volts, and emits light, radio waves, x-rays and even gamma rays.^[13] Plasma temperatures in lightning can approach ~28,000 kelvin (~27,700°C) and electron densities may exceed 10²⁴/m³.

Today's Robots, and their Humanitarian Role

2009-03-24T19:34:11Z

Today robots, and their humanitarian role

Electronics,Research,Science & Technology

The robot can work many hours without rest, sometimes for days or weeks. He may enter and stay in hostile environments like (toxic, chemicals, radioactive, poisoning, lack of air, underwater, in outer space, in the ground, pressure systems, high temperature systems, in the fire, the average gas or oil, in areas contaminated or polluted, including the viruses still dangerous, in areas with vibrations and noise). The robot is able to execute operations tiring, repetitive. Can bear shocks, punches, jab, shootings, etc.. Can work in blinding light, or darkness. Maybe traverses space unknown, hard accessible human (outer space, water depths, or even areas with lava, etc.). Can fly. Can think with an amazing speed, and can store an enormous capacity of data. Can perform some tests difficult, dangerous for humans. Can realize great strengths, can lift weights very high, but at the same time can catch an chicken egg without crush it. Can walk, or run. Can fight. Maybe dance. Perhaps to help doctors in carrying out difficult operations. May keep records and make accounting. Can build or repair, can use tools, can paint, can weld. We can ease the work in the household. Can sort. Can make chips and various electronic circuits. Can manipulate parts or objects. Can even see and hear, talk and even to distinguish people and objects. Micro and Nano Robots are the most fashionable (in the future maybe even Pico Robots), are designed not only as a spy, investigators (including the human body), but even the operators which are able to detect a sick cell and heal or destroy it. Underwater robots will have to penetrate into the deeper places and hardly accessible, so to solve many riddles and mysteries of the seas and oceans on Earth. They will need not only to withstand enormous pressures from deep, but to see in darkness and absolute depths, to movies, and even transmit images and sound in real time. They will have to act and, being able to fight, being able to lift weights, to cut or weld, to catch, to pick up a hook, a cable truck, etc.. We have to explore outer space, but we know so little about the mother planet, which grow and carry all us. Investigation of outer space is vital for us. Must be found first best means of investigation. We need powerful telescopes and highspeed space ships. There are habitable planets in space, which we expect to find them and colonized. It will not be easy but must do so, we have no choice. May is possible and terratizate other planets (such as the planet Mars, for example). This is the real sense of industrial robots, which should help us to terratizate planets, colonization, and space explorations. The man was not created just to eat, drink and acquire different fortunes. We all have in us planted the Divine pip who exhorts us to build, to learn and to educate us and others, to investigate, to explore and again to build. In addition, we are all here, on Earth Ship for a while, where sooner or later no more fit (from a pair, a man and an woman, now one has already achieved more than six billion inhabitants). Who would not like a weekend on Mars, or a romantic dinner on a mystery planet? There are obvious barriers, but the man must to remove them. The servants of man in this great action will be some machines, the Robots.

The_ROBOTS

Related Articles - Machines, Robots, Ships, Space, Underwater,

Robots

The Solar Cells

2009-03-24T19:26:04Z

The SUN offers much more energy than what we could consume!

The purpose of the contemporary human is to achieve a personal comfort increasingly high.
In terms of contemporary art, to increase comfort, fall back on exaggerated growth of energy consumption.
At the current rate, approximately 400 years after the beginnings of industrialization, the world will consume almost entirely fossil fuels accumulated in 400 million years.
Burning fossil fuels in this huge reservoir, besides obtaining energy supply and continue to be issued in a large quantity of toxic gas that will transform the atmosphere in the state in which it was millions of years ago.
To keep the remaining fossil resources on a while longer and for the preservation and restoration of conditions of human life on earth should we target the use of renewable energy sources.

History of Photovoltaics

The first conventional photovoltaic cells were produced in the late 1950s, and throughout the 1960s were principally used to provide electrical power for earth-orbiting satellites. In the 1970s, improvements in manufacturing, performance and quality of PV modules helped to reduce costs and opened up a number of opportunities for powering remote terrestrial applications, including battery charging for navigational aids, signals, telecommunications equipment and other critical, low power needs.

In the 1980s, photovoltaics became a popular power source for consumer electronic devices, including calculators, watches, radios, lanterns and other small battery charging applications. Following the energy crises of the 1970s, significant efforts also began to develop PV power systems for residential and commercial uses both for stand-alone, remote power as well as for utility-connected applications. During the same period, international applications for PV systems to power rural health clinics, refrigeration, water pumping, telecommunications, and off-grid households increased dramatically, and remain a major portion of the present world market for PV products. Today, the industry’s production of PV modules is growing at approximately 25 percent annually, and major programs in the U.S., Japan and Europe are rapidly accelerating the implementation of PV systems on buildings and interconnection to utility networks.

Photovoltaics (PV) or solar cells as they are often referred to, are semiconductor devices that convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity. Groups of PV cells are electrically configured into modules and arrays, which can be used to charge batteries, operate motors, and to power any number of electrical loads. With the appropriate power conversion equipment, PV systems can produce alternating current (AC) compatible with any conventional appliances, and operate in parallel with and interconnected to the utility grid.

Solar panels used to produce electricity

The solar panels used to produce electricity, are really interesting, because generating electricity free. On the basis of this process is photovoltaic cell. In short, in contact with the sun, it produces electricity. Fotons of sunlight (such small particles produced especially by the Stars, moving with light speed) "bombe" atoms in the material which is made photovoltaic cell. Under this, they undergo transformation releasing electrons (thus forming electricity).

Photovoltaic cells are grouped into matrices, which in turn make up the solar panels.

The advantages and disadvantages of solar panels

The advantages of using these systems are obvious: renewable energy and free, which can be used to supply permanent dwelling citizens. It is true that the cost of an WATT through solar panels is 6-7 times higher than the cost of producing its thermal, but the investment depreciated over time. In addition, do not forget: solar panels are organic. And how natural resources are already in danger of exhaustion would be little time to think about our future and our children right now. May be clearly said that the purchase price of the entire equipment is still high (but the price is constantly declining, and in addition it is paid only once in principle, following the much to pay in a number of years a maintenance fee installations and equipment are depreciated in a number of years, even after they become profitable, while cleaner technologies of the future come down, they might drop their price even if now would be produced in industrial quantities much higher, produced by modern technology (resulting from advanced scientific research, which must attend mandatory collective multidisciplinary), for these reasons the production and their use should be compulsory controlled by governments through agencies and government departments of energy, environment, creation of new technologies, industrial and scientific, all governments are called upon to subsidized the purchase price of equipment at least for a period of 20-40 years, that is, as long as the equipment is still in an experimental stage and technology manufacturing cost which is reflected even in their purchase price.

The efficiency of solar panel very much depends on the angle under which falls on the solar radius, which implies the need for mounting such a system of energy production by specialists. To cover energy needs of the whole case will be a need for solar panels many tens of square meters because the equipment needed to cover the entire home and family concerned and the old contracts for the supply of electricity to end total in this way is truly unloaded the national energeticaly system, is an economy of electricity produced classic, and an decrease of indirect losses of transport networks. Because yes, it is possible that a dwelling to work exclusively with solar energy in ideal conditions.

The production of electricity with solar panels are reliable, can hold up to 25 years. Their performances have raised increasingly in recent years, and the price of assembly and made decreased. It is estimated that the price of electricity generation by panels with photovoltaic cells will equal that of polluting energy (produced by thermal power). To top solar panels are ideal for the supply of electricity to isolated housing, the research points or satellites (they used for the first time this type of energy).

Installing your solar photovoltaic (PV) system means that you can generate your electricity from the free and inexhaustible energy from the sun. A photovoltaic system never needs refuelling, emits no pollution, and can be expected to operate for over 30 years while requiring minimal maintenance. A typical PV system on a house roof could prevent over 34 tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions during its lifetime.

Today photovoltaic systems are recognized by governments, environmental organizations and commercial organizations as a technology with the potential to supply a significant part of the worlds energy needs in a sustainable and renewable manner. Organizations such as Shell and BP have set up large photovoltaic manufacturing plants and environmental organizations such as Greenpeace strongly support the use of solar energy.

Installing a photovoltaic system is one of the ways householders and other building owners can contribute towards a sustainable future for everyone.

With global climate change threatening all our futures, we need to switch to clean, renewable forms of energy and electricity production. Solar electric panels can generate electricity that is free from pollution, fuelled by the natural resource of the sun, which is free, abundant and inexhaustible.

The key benefits of a solar roof are:
- Your clean power source that helps reduce global warming
- Reduces your electricity bills, since daylight is free
- Increases the value of your property
- Extremely low maintenance, with a long functional lifetime of 30 years or more
- Silent in operation
- Increases your awareness of electricity use and encourages more energy efficient behaviour

Photovoltaic means electricity from light. Photovoltaic systems use daylight to power ordinary electrical equipment, for example, household appliances, computers and lighting. The photovoltaic (PV) process converts free solar energy - the most abundant energy source on the planet - directly into electricity. Note that this is not the familiar solar thermal technology used for heating and hot water.

A PV cell consists of two or more thin layers of semi-conducting material, most commonly silicon. When the silicon is exposed to light, electrical charges are generated and this can be conducted away by metal contacts as direct current (DC). The electrical output from a single cell is small, so multiple cells are connected together and encapsulated (usually behind glass) to form a module (sometimes referred to as a "panel"). The PV module is the principle building block of a PV system and any number of modules can be connected together to give the desired electrical output.

PV equipment has no moving parts and as a result requires minimal maintenance. It generates electricity without producing emissions of greenhouse or any other gases, and its operation is virtually silent.

PV systems supply electricity to many applications, ranging from systems supplying power to city buildings (which are also connected to the normal local electricity network) to systems supplying power to garden lights or to remote telecom relay stations.

The main area of interest today is grid connect PV systems. These systems are connected to the local electricity network. This means that during the day, the electricity generated by the PV system can either be used immediately (which is normal for systems installed on offices and other commercial buildings), or can be sold to one of the electricity supply companies (which is more common for domestic systems where the occupier may be out during the day). In the evening, when the solar system is unable to provide the electricity required, power can be bought back from the network. In effect, the grid is acting as an energy storage system, which means the PV system does not need to include battery storage.

Grid connect PV systems are often integrated into buildings. PV technology is ideally suited to use on buildings, providing pollution and noise-free electricity without using extra space.

PV systems can be incorporated into buildings in various ways. Sloping rooftops are an ideal site, where modules can simply be mounted using frames. Photovoltaic systems can also be incorporated into the actual building fabric, for example PV roof tiles are now available which can be fitted as would standard tiles. In addition, PV can also be incorporated as building facades, canopies and sky lights amongst many other applications.

Types of PV Cell:
Monocrystalline Silicon Cells:
Made using cells saw-cut from a single cylindrical crystal of silicon, this is the most efficient of the photovoltaic (PV) technologies. The principle advantage of monocrystalline cells are their high efficiencies, typically around 15%, although the manufacturing process required to produce monocrystalline silicon is complicated, resulting in slightly higher costs than other technologies.

Multicrystalline Silicon Cells:
Made from cells cut from an ingot of melted and recrystallised silicon. In the manufacturing process, molten silicon is cast into ingots of polycrystalline silicon, these ingots are then saw-cut into very thin wafers and assembled into complete cells. Multicrystalline cells are cheaper to produce than monocrystalline ones, due to the simpler manufacturing process. However, they tend to be slightly less efficient, with average efficiencies of around 12%., creating a granular texture.

Thick-film Silicon:
Another multicrystalline technology where the silicon is deposited in a continuous process onto a base material giving a fine grained, sparkling appearance. Like all crystalline PV, this is encapsulated in a transparent insulating polymer with a tempered glass cover and usually bound into a strong aluminium frame.

Amorphous Silicon:
Amorphous silicon cells are composed of silicon atoms in a thin homogenous layer rather than a crystal structure. Amorphous silicon absorbs light more effectively than crystalline silicon, so the cells can be thinner. For this reason, amorphous silicon is also known as a "thin film" PV technology. Amorphous silicon can be deposited on a wide range of substrates, both rigid and flexible, which makes it ideal for curved surfaces and "fold-away" modules. Amorphous cells are, however, less efficient than crystalline based cells, with typical efficiencies of around 6%, but they are easier and therefore cheaper to produce. Their low cost makes them ideally suited for many applications where high efficiency is not required and low cost is important.

Other Thin Films:
A number of other promising materials such as cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium diselenide (CIS) are now being used for PV modules. The attraction of these technologies is that they can be manufactured by relatively inexpensive industrial processes, certainly in comparison to crystalline silicon technologies, yet they typically offer higher module efficiencies than amorphous silicon. New technologies based on the photosynthesis process are not yet on the market.

Why photovoltaic directly connected to the network?

The most appropriate would be to use photovoltaic panels directly connected to the network.
The advantages of photovoltaic power connected to the network are generated by the lack of these battery systems. In this case is to store energy in the electricity it produces, which plays a battery of storage "infinite".

Essential components of photovoltaic power connected to the network are the following:

* Photovoltaic modules
* Cables and Connectors
* Synchronous Inverters

The advantages of the system "network link" in comparison with autonomous systems are the following:

* Operation of the entire energy supplied by photovoltaic panels, storage capacity is infinite network;
* About the economy. 40% of investment (lack of batteries)
* Minimum maintenance (batteries are those that require the greatest attention)
* Life extension of the system
* Pure energy due to the elimination recycling batteries

Today, we need to consider solutions of tomorrow ("for tomorrow it to be, because he does not belong to us but to the children, our grandchildren and great-grandchildren!").

The "Green Planet" is facing the "Blue Planet"

2009-03-24T19:13:12Z

The "Green Planet" is facing the "Blue Planet"

Advertising,Environment,Government

To have a blue planet (clean water and clean with a clean and the sky blue, with a protective shield of ozone whole and functional), the first step you need to do is take care of the green planet. Nature is protects it one self, only if the people not disturb it (by nuclear waste, chemicals, etc., by atomic experiments, nuclear, etc., by the destruction of protective ozone shield by industrial pollution and produced by transport vehicles; a single nuclear experiment destroy an enormous quantity of ozone). An effective program to restore the green of the planet, can not be conceived without the help of governments. It involves fundraising for permanent restoration of forests and green spaces. These funds must be managed by specialized departments of government environmental agencies. Specialists in these departments will determine exactly which areas will retimber and what kind of trees, the areas in question, their specificity and the existing possibilities. For the restoration of negative ions and ozone shield are better fir wood and pines (but they grow more slowly and are more demanding). Overall average age of a tree does not exceed 200 years. In Europe, beyond that age ash, which reached 400 years, oak 600 years, linden tree and fir with 1,000 years each (if not prematurely cut). In general it's good to choose trees that reach higher age for a tree effects and long term without the need to repeat the actions (expensive, but on condition that these trees are protected by law). If you want wood for construction, furniture, etc, it is good to use trees that grow very fast (and cut more often, it replant and develop again very quickly) such as in general, eucalyptus (increase in average about 5 m per year), or asp tree which develops only in 10-20 years, plant the fastest-growing bamboo is that in 6 weeks reaches 18 m.

Some species of trees purify the air better than others. So for example, linden tree emit 2.5 times more oxygen than the fir tree, and asp tree nearly 7 times more. The lilies swallow a huge amount of exhaust gases from factories (would be good to appear again between curb and sidewalk beautiful flowers, including lilies and to protect the ozone shield). The asp trees growing fast, tall and righteous, and cleared 7 times more oxygen than fir trees, you should use the green spaces between buildings, in parks, and wood edges around cities to protect them from storms and tornados. Fir forests have multiplied and protected the planet to play healthy air (ionized strong negative without appearing to humans respiratory diseases, circulatory and nervous) and to restore the ozone shield destroyed in the industry and constantly by sprays and brushes for electric motors (without him we would be subject to a bombardment of ultraviolet rays, which produce skin cancer and destroy the liver and nervous system, abnormal breathing, circulatory and respiratory diseases, allergies, depression, etc); perhaps should now to think replaced electric trains with MagLev trains, or return to the modern compact cleaner diesel engines, or switch to new magnetic and electromagnetic motors. In agriculture should be permanently dropped from chemical fertilizers, which destroy the soil and poisoning groundwater and wells (with nitrites and nitrates). A submarine oil pipeline, which can break will cause an irreparable environmental disaster. The sea (or ocean) will become very black! One important action would be to introduce massive panels with photovoltaic cells (directly connected to the network, to stop using harmful batteries), wind energy, but why not the power consisting of magnetic motors acting generators; electrical hydro still be used as well, while nuclear energy only for a transitional period (accepted as a bad now required); using solar energy will split water in oxygen and hydrogen (oxygen will refresh the air and hydrogen will be used as a clean fuel). Pines cut for Christmas must be grown in special nurseries separate (will not be cut anywhere, they must have a special regime, as trees protected by law). Everyone's at least plant a tree, but the actions of planting and replanting trees and plants must become an attribute of governments, which have the ability to make massive planting and reforestation (trees not be cut without logic, and recycling paper and reed used to obtain pulp and paper will be required; heating by electricity will be extended and through the wood and coal should be reduced until such).

Dynamics ARoTMM

newaircraft

New Aircraft

New Ships

Storms - Hurricane, Tornadoes, Magnetic Storms, Geomagnetic Storm, Meteor Storms, Dust Storms

About the Solar Energy

Presents An Original Atomic Model

Ozone and the Man's Lightning

Combustion

Applications

Low level ozone

About the Cold Plasma

Today's Robots, and their Humanitarian Role

Today robots, and their humanitarian role

Robots

The Solar Cells

The Solar Cells

The "Green Planet" is facing the "Blue Planet"

The "Green Planet" is facing the "Blue Planet"

Nature